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俄新教科书称斯大林和普京治国都很成功
www.jspwl.net  2007/8/4 9:28:00    阅读次数:29685  

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  本报特约记者 苏清

  据俄罗斯新闻网站7月30日报道,俄罗斯最近对历史教科书进行调整,将斯大林时代和普京时代的政治观点都列入历史教科书。而对这两位领导人的评价,特别是对斯大林的评价产生了重大变化。新教科书认为,这两位不同时期领导人都成功治理着“伟大的祖国”。分析人士指出,克里姆林宫此举的目的,是为了树立俄罗斯青少年新的民族意识。

  新的历史教科书将在9月份新学期发放到俄罗斯各中小学校,但是俄罗斯教育部称,目前还没有决定是否正式发放和使用这批教科书。

  撰写新历史教科书的编者们通晓俄罗斯近代史,但是无一例外,他们都与克里姆林宫有着密切联系。普京执政时期产生了一个新术语——主权的民主,这个术语是克里姆林宫管理委员会副主席苏尔科夫提出来的,不过西方媒体却认为这是“为普京独裁统治而进行的意识形态上的辩解”。

  新教科书中,普京的一些有争议的行为都被肯定,包括整治俄罗斯石油企业尤科斯和关押尤科斯公司总裁霍多尔科夫斯基。编者们认为,这些行为是普京总统给俄罗斯商人们的“特殊信函”,告诫俄罗斯商人们要遵纪守法、按时纳税以及不要把自己凌驾于国家之上。最后编者们指出,这些“信函”起到了作用。

  2004年 onclick="activateYQinl(this);return false;" href="http://www.iask.com/n?k=%CE%DA%BF%CB%C0%BC" target=_blank>乌克兰总统选举时,普京曾公开支持乌克兰总统候选人亚努科维奇,结果导致乌克兰爆发名为“橙色革命”的大规模抗议活动,亲西方的政治人物尤先科,因此顺利当上了乌克兰总统。新的俄罗斯历史教科书对此解释称:“亚努科维奇是惟一能与尤先科抗衡的候选人,所以俄罗斯的选择是显而易见的。”

  新的俄罗斯历史教科书称苏联解体为“20世纪最大的政治灾难”,并称美国企图在全球范围内扩展霸权,并把俄罗斯排挤出美国的势力范围。

  俄罗斯各界一直对怎样评价斯大林有争议,新的历史教科书则确定他为苏联最成功的领导人。而对于斯大林建立劳改农场和政治镇压,新的俄罗斯历史教科书认为,这些都是为建立伟大的俄罗斯而做出的必要的措施。1937年,在斯大林进行政治清洗的时候,共有150万人被关押,7万人被枪决。今年7月普京在面向教师的一次代表会议上表示,这一事件是很可怕的,但是他同时表示:“在其他国家也发生了比这更可怕的事件,至少我们的历史上没有像德国纳粹那样的黑色一页。”

 
   
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